Chase thick-walled steel, 45 # thick steel models, Shunxiang ductile pipe provided by Shunxiang ductile pipe. Liaocheng Shunxiang Building Materials Co., Ltd. (www.lcsxjc.com) Shandong Liaocheng Premium Business League certification company, has Shunxiang other brands, has a good reputation, honesty, service-oriented "business alliance Service" icon on the page We will be happy to serve you! Building Materials Co., Ltd. mainly produces Liaocheng Shunxiang variety of milling of cast iron pipes, ductile iron water pipe quality 45 # thick steel models, flexible cast iron pipe fittings brand 45 # thick steel, cast iron pit wells quality of our products. Elongation (σ) in the tensile test, the specimen fractured increase its gauge length and the percentage of the original gauge length 45 # thick steel manufacturers, called elongation. With σ expressed in units of%. The formula is: where: L1 - specimen fractured gauge length, mm; L0 - the original specimen gauge length, mm. Building Materials Co., Ltd. mainly produces Liaocheng Shunxiang variety of milling of cast iron pipes, ductile iron water pipe thick-walled steel quality, flexible cast iron pipe fittings, cast iron pit wells quality of our products. Hardness index of metal material to resist indentation capacity hard surface objects, called hardness. Depending on the test method and scope, can be divided into Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers Hardness, Shore hardness, micro hardness and high hardness. There are commonly used for pipe Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers hardness of three.